Vitamin C is sometimes added by fortification, because content is variable, and much of that is lost in processing. Other vitamin concentrations are low, but apple juice does contain various mineral nutrients, including boron, which may promote healthy bones. Apple juice has a significant concentration of natural phenols of low molecular weight (including chlorogenic acid, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols) and procyanidins that may protect from diseases associated with aging due to the antioxidant effects which help reduce the likeliness of developing cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Research suggests that apple juice increases acetylcholine in the brain, resulting in increased memory. Despite its positive health benefits, apple juice is high in sugar. It has 28 g carbohydrates (24 g sugars) per 8 ounces. This results in 130 calories per 8 ounces (protein and fat are not significant), which compares to non-diet soft drinks such as Pepsi and 7 Up. Also like most fruit juice, apple juice contains the same amount of sugar, but lacks the fiber due to loss of skin. The sugar in apple juice, despite being natural, is bad enough that consumption is frowned upon for diabetics.
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